案例
一位 20 岁的大学生,表现为咳嗽、发热、不适和头痛3天。检查发现,他发烧至 38.3°C(101°F),右下肺野有轻微的爆裂音。
其他表现
生殖支原体可能与宫颈炎和盆腔炎(PID)的发病有关。对于非淋球菌非衣原体尿道炎病例,应怀疑脲原体种和生殖支原体。[1]Workowski KA, Berman S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases: treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59:1-110.http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/std-treatment-2010-rr5912.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21160459?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas as neonatal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:757-789.http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/4/757.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223956?tool=bestpractice.com人型支原体可能引起肾盂肾炎和 PID。[1]Workowski KA, Berman S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases: treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59:1-110.http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/std-treatment-2010-rr5912.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21160459?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas as neonatal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:757-789.http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/4/757.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223956?tool=bestpractice.com脲原体种,主要是微小脲原体,可能引起绒毛膜羊膜炎、流产和早产,[2]Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas as neonatal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:757-789.http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/4/757.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223956?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Taylor-Robinson D. The role of mycoplasmas in pregnancy outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;21:425-438.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374511?tool=bestpractice.com在新生儿中,这些支原体被认为可引起呼吸道殖入、肺炎、全身性侵袭感染以及发生支气管肺发育不良。[2]Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas as neonatal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:757-789.http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/4/757.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223956?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Lowe J, Watkins WJ, Edwards MO, et al. Association between pulmonary ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33:697-702.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24445836?tool=bestpractice.com支原体与侵袭感染相关,包括脓肿和手术部位感染、[5]Kupila L, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Jalava J, et al. Brain abscess caused by Mycoplasma hominis: a clinically recognizable entity? Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:550-551.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16722987?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Cordtz J, Jensen JS. Disseminated Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in a hypo-gammaglobulinaemic renal transplant patient. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38:1114-1117.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17148091?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Miranda C, Camacho E, Reina G, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis from extragenital cultures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24:334-337.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15868155?tool=bestpractice.com[8]O'Sullivan MV, Isbel NM, Johnson DW, et al. Disseminated pyogenic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a renal transplant recipient, detected by broad-range polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:e98-e99.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/9/e98.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494902?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Zheng X, Olson DA, Tully JG, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis from a brain abscess. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:992-994.http://jcm.asm.org/content/35/4/992.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157171?tool=bestpractice.com 关节炎、[10]Johnson SM, Bruckner F, Collins D. Distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:953-957.http://jcm.asm.org/content/45/3/953.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17122006?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Ramirez AS, Rosas A, Hernandez-Beriain JA, et al. Relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:912-914.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/7/912.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814575?tool=bestpractice.com 心内膜炎、[12]Houpikian P, Raoult D. Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center: etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:162-173.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879906?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Fenollar F, Gauduchon V, Casalta JP, et al. Mycoplasma endocarditis: two case reports and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:e21-e24.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/3/e21.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14727231?tool=bestpractice.com 心包炎、[14]Paz A, Potasman I. Mycoplasma-associated carditis: case reports and review. Cardiology. 2002;97:83-88.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978954?tool=bestpractice.com和抗磷脂样综合征。[15]Yanez A, Cedillo L, Neyrolles O, et al. Mycoplasma penetrans bacteremia and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:164-167.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10081687?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Witmer CM, Steenhoff AP, Shah SS, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, splenic infarct, and transient antiphospholipid antibodies: a new association? Pediatrics. 2007;119:e292-e295.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178923?tool=bestpractice.com