在呼吸系统,CFTR功能障碍可导致黏液潴留、慢性感染和炎症,从而逐渐破坏肺组织。关于肺部疾病的发病机制有多种假说。每种假说都有体内、体外的实验数据支持。[9]Tarran R, Button B, Picher M, et al. Normal and cystic fibrosis airway surface liquid homeostasis. The effects of phasic shear stress and viral infections. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:35751-35759.http://www.jbc.org/content/280/42/35751.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087672?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Moskwa P, Lorentzen D, Excoffon KJ, et al. A novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:174-183.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC#.UuKVPRBFBD8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082494?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Matsui H, Grubb BR, Tarran R, et al. Evidence for periciliary liquid layer depletion, not abnormal ion composition, in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis airways disease. Cell. 1998;95:1005-1015.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9875854?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Knowles MR, Stutts MJ, Spock A, et al. Abnormal ion permeation through cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelium. Science. 1983;221:1067-1070.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308769?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Knowles M, Gatzy J, Boucher R. Increased bioelectric potential difference across respiratory epithelia in cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:1489-1495.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7300874?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Joo NS, Irokawa T, Robbins RC, et al. Hyposecretion, not hyperabsorption, is the basic defect of cystic fibrosis airway glands. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:7392-7398.http://www.jbc.org/content/281/11/7392.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410244?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Conner GE, Wijkstrom-Frei C, Randell SH, et al. The lactoperoxidase system links anion transport to host defense in cystic fibrosis. FEBS Lett. 2007;581:271-278.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851694/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204267?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Boucher RC. New concepts of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:146-158.http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/23/1/146.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738247?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Bals R, Weiner DJ, Meegalla RL, et al. Salt-independent abnormality of antimicrobial activity in cystic fibrosis airway surface fluid. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001;25:21-25.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1165/ajrcmb.25.1.4436#.UuKWghBFBD8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11472971?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Ballard ST, Trout L, Mehta A, et al. Liquid secretion inhibitors reduce mucociliary transport in glandular airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002;283:L329-L335.http://ajplung.physiology.org/content/283/2/L329.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114194?tool=bestpractice.com肺部疾病是该病发病和死亡的最常见原因。