根据生殖器部位、肛周区或邻近部位(如阴阜)病变的临床表现作出生殖器疣的诊断,[3]Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, et al. External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Oct 15;35(Suppl 2):S210-24.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/35/Supplement_2/S210/316436http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12353208?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Ahmed AM, Madkan V, Tyring SK. Human papillomaviruses and genital disease. Dermatol Clin. 2006 Apr;24(2):157-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677964?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Brodell LA, Mercurio MG, Brodell RT. The diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus-mediated genital lesions. Cutis. 2007 Apr;79(4 Suppl):5-10.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17508490?tool=bestpractice.com 在高摩擦部位容易形成生殖器疣。[38]Steinberg JL, Cibley LJ, Rice PA. Genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and counseling for the patient. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1993;13:99-122.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7691082?tool=bestpractice.com 活检一般不用于生殖器疣的诊断。
临床表现
生殖器疣通常为 1-3 mm 大小,离散、无柄且表面光滑的外生型乳头状瘤,可融合形成大斑块。这些斑块可能广泛分布,扩展至尿道或者肛门或阴道腔。[3]Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, et al. External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Oct 15;35(Suppl 2):S210-24.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/35/Supplement_2/S210/316436http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12353208?tool=bestpractice.com
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 会阴肛门区的性病疣CDC/Wiesner 博士 [Citation ends]. 颜色多变,呈肉色、白色和色素过度样。可能出现浸润,尤其是在皮肤疣中,缺乏厚角质形成细胞层的湿润部位。[5]Kirnbauer R, Lenz P, Okun MM. Human papillomavirus. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology Vol 1. London: Mosby; 2003:1217-33.
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 阴茎疣来自 Tyring 博士的个人资料;获准使用 [Citation ends].
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 阴茎疣特写来自 Tyring 博士的个人资料;获准使用 [Citation ends]. 外生殖器疣可在强光和放大镜的辅助下通过直接目视检查诊断。[3]Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, et al. External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Oct 15;35(Suppl 2):S210-24.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/35/Supplement_2/S210/316436http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12353208?tool=bestpractice.com 病变一般无症状,但可能表现为疼痛、易破损或瘙痒。[5]Kirnbauer R, Lenz P, Okun MM. Human papillomavirus. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology Vol 1. London: Mosby; 2003:1217-33.[6]Beutner KR, Reitano MV, Richwald GA, et al. External genital warts: report of the American Medical Association consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;27(4):796-806.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798036?tool=bestpractice.com 由于局部创伤或部位浸润,可能会出血。可能出现终末血尿或尿液异常等泌尿系统症状。
检查
如果生殖器疣似乎固定于基底结构,或标准疗法难以治愈,则可能表示需要进行活检。[39]Beutner KR, Wiley DJ, Douglas JM, et al. Genital warts and their treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;28 Suppl 1:S37-56.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10028109?tool=bestpractice.com 活检的其他指征包括病变出现溃疡或单个疣> 1 cm。[6]Beutner KR, Reitano MV, Richwald GA, et al. External genital warts: report of the American Medical Association consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;27(4):796-806.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798036?tool=bestpractice.com 如果需要活检,则可见下列组织学特征:表皮增生、角化不全、中空细胞病和乳头状瘤病。[15]Ahmed AM, Madkan V, Tyring SK. Human papillomaviruses and genital disease. Dermatol Clin. 2006 Apr;24(2):157-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677964?tool=bestpractice.com 与寻常疣不同,生殖器疣的乳头状瘤病的皮损形态呈环状。并不是每一生殖器疣均完全表现出这些组织学特征。复发性肛周疣的患者,建议进行肛门镜检查,以评估肛门内疣。[6]Beutner KR, Reitano MV, Richwald GA, et al. External genital warts: report of the American Medical Association consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;27(4):796-806.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798036?tool=bestpractice.com如果出现终末血尿或尿液异常等泌尿系统症状,应立即转诊进行尿道镜检查以评估远端尿道和尿道口。[6]Beutner KR, Reitano MV, Richwald GA, et al. External genital warts: report of the American Medical Association consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;27(4):796-806.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798036?tool=bestpractice.com