对代谢综合征相关并发症的二级预防建议(例如心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病)与初级预防相同,即开始健康的生活方式。这就包括了低饱和脂肪和动物蛋白饮食,多摄入水果蔬菜和全谷类;规律活动锻炼(每天>30 分钟);避免久坐。[4]Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:777-822.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971485?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, et al. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation. 2004;109:551-556.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/109/4/551.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757684?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, et al. Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292:1440-1446.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=199488http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383514?tool=bestpractice.com