前列腺动脉栓塞术 (PAE)
PAE 是一种微创治疗方法,用于治疗继发于前列腺增大的下尿路症状。对于不太适宜手术的患者,它可能是一种可接受的泌尿外科手术替代方案,对于身体虚弱且无法耐受创伤性较大技术的患者,可予以考虑。[69]Wang XY, Zong HT, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of prostate artery embolization on lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Nov 11;11:1609-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27956827?tool=bestpractice.com 一项研究报告:与行经尿道切除前列腺 (transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP) 相比,行前列腺动脉栓塞术 (PAE) 后症状评分相似,并发症较少;但是,在 12 周时,PAE 在功能结局方面(最大尿流量变化、排泄后残留尿量)的效果不如 TURP。[70]Abt D, Hechelhammer L, Müllhaupt G, et al. Comparison of prostatic artery embolisation (PAE) versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia: randomised, open label, non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2018 Jun 19;361:k2338.https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2338.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29921613?tool=bestpractice.com 系统评价显示,患有 BPH 的男性症状有所改善,但需要进一步研究。[71]Kuang M, Vu A, Athreya S. A systematic review of prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 May;40(5):655-63.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28032133?tool=bestpractice.com[72]Pyo JS, Cho WJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prostatic artery embolisation for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Radiol. 2017 Jan;72(1):16-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27863699?tool=bestpractice.com[73]Feng S, Tian Y, Liu W, et al. Prostatic arterial embolization treating moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 Jan;40(1):22-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27872988?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Cizman Z, Isaacson A, Burke C. Short- to midterm safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization: a systematic review. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1487-93.e1.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345338?tool=bestpractice.com
非沙泊肽
非沙泊肽是一种促凋亡蛋白,可刺激半胱天冬酶、肿瘤坏死和前列腺上皮组织内的 BCL 通路,导致细胞死亡。单次经直肠将该药注射到前列腺移行区。这是一种无痛手术,不需要麻醉。在一项综述中,与使用安慰剂相比,使用非沙泊肽治疗显著改善了 BPH 的症状,在第 3 年时进一步干预的需求和急性尿潴留发生均减少。[75]Shore N, Tutrone R, Efros M, et al. Fexapotide triflutate: results of long-term safety and efficacy trials of a novel injectable therapy for symptomatic prostate enlargement. World J Urol. 2018 May;36(5):801-9.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5916987/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29380128?tool=bestpractice.com
萘哌地尔
萘哌地尔是一种长效选择性 α 受体阻滞剂亚型 (α-1D),也显示可改善症状和 BPH 相关下尿路症状的客观测量指标。[76]Gjertson CK, Walmsley K, Kaplan SA. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: now we can begin to tailor treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Nov;71(11):857, 860, 863-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570735?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Yokoyama T, Kumon H, Nasu Y, et al. Comparison of 25 and 75 mg/day naftopidil for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Int J Urol. 2006 Jul;13(7):932-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882058?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Gotoh M, Kamihira O, Kinukawa T, et al. Comparison of tamsulosin and naftopidil for efficacy and safety in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int. 2005 Sep;96(4):581-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16104914?tool=bestpractice.com
植物药疗法
在中至重度 BPE 患者中使用沙巴棕 RCT 发现,在 1 年的治疗中患者的症状或客观治疗效果没有改善。[79]Bent S, Kane C, Shinohara K, et al. Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 9;354(6):557-66.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa053085http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467543?tool=bestpractice.com 一项随机试验中使用 3 倍于标准剂量的剂量,棕榈类植物也未显示较安慰剂有益处。[80]Barry MJ, Meleth S, Lee JY, et al. Effect of increasing doses of saw palmetto extract on lower urinary tract symptoms: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011 Sep 28;306(12):1344-51.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1104439http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954478?tool=bestpractice.com 一项重复研究已经证实了上述发现。[81]Crawford-Faucher A. Saw palmetto extract ineffective for BPH symptoms. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jun 15;85(12):1202.https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0615/p1202.html 美国泌尿外科协会的共识没有推荐使用膳食补充剂。[16]American Urological Association. American Urological Association guideline: management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 2010; re-affirmed 2014 [internet publication].https://www.auanet.org/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(2010-reviewed-and-validity-confirmed-2014) 欧洲泌尿外科协会 (European Association of Urology) 指出,由于草本植物制剂的异质性,必须谨慎解读任何分析。[19]European Association of Urology. Treatment of non-neurogenic male LUTS. 2018 [internet publication].http://uroweb.org/guideline/treatment-of-non-neurogenic-male-luts/