HBsAg阳性的人性交时如果对方未接种疫苗或无自然免疫应采取防护,不应与他人共用牙刷或剃须刀,应遮盖开放的割伤和擦伤,使用漂白剂或洗涤剂清洁溢出血液,不献血、不捐献器官或精液。[76]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1991;40:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850496?tool=bestpractice.com
患者应避免大量饮酒(女性>20 g/d,男性>30 g/d)。[144]Chevillotte G, Durbec JP, Gerolami A, et al. Interaction between hepatitis b virus and alcohol consumption in liver cirrhosis. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology. 1983;85:141-145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6852447?tool=bestpractice.com
HBsAg阳性患者的性伴侣和家庭接触者如果HBV血清学标志物检测为阴性,均应接种乙肝疫苗。